Thursday, November 29, 2012

Is Moral Relativism A Problem Or A Cure?


Imagine being stuck in an elevator with a man who looks ordinary to you; maybe even gentle, well behaved, refined and classy. You talk to each other and before long, he starts to complain about someone he knows that is bugging him no end. He escalates the verbal attacks on the one he now calls his enemy, and paints a picture which says to you that the one out there is so evil, you conclude on your own, he should be labeled enemy number one of all mankind.

You make that suggestion to the man in the elevator, and lo and behold, he breaks down, drops to the floor and weeps uncontrollably like a crybaby. You console him and ask what is wrong. He says that the contrary has happened in that the evil man out there is loved by the whole world, and that he is the one who is hated by everyone.

What an unbelievable story, you say. No, it is not so unbelievable. If you want to read about it as written by the crybaby himself, go to the op-ed page of the November 29, 2012 issue of the Wall Street Journal. You will find there an article written by Ron Prosor who is the Israeli ambassador to the United Nations. He wrote the article under the title: “What Kind of Palestinian State?” and the subtitle: “The U.N. should consider whether the world needs another nation that imports weapons and exports extremism and terror.”

Having read the article, you now ask: How can something like this happen? You think about it and find an angle through which you manage to shed a little bit of light on the subject. The angle has to do with “moral relativism,” a concept that some people find difficult to understand even though it is a simple thing.

People find the concept difficult because when they hear about it, they think of something complicated. They look for a hidden meaning in every word that is uttered while paying little attention to what is actually being said. Here is the problem: The core idea being relativism, the concept is often discussed in conjunction with the principles of morality. And this combination of the two is what leads to the concept of “moral relativism,” the expression that ends up confusing people.

As to those who bring up the concept in the first place, they do not always clarify what they mean because it is as difficult for them to explain it as it is for the others to understand it. But in actual fact, there is a simple way to explain the expression; it consists of doing a thought experiment. To this end, imagine standing by a counter on top of which rest three washbowls. The one on the left is filled with water at 50 degrees Fahrenheit. The one in the middle is filled with water at the room temperature of 70 degrees. The one on the right is filled with water at 90 degrees. You place your left hand in the left bowl, and place your right hand in the right bowl. You wait a few minutes then dip both hands in the middle bowl at the same moment. What will you sense?

You will sense confusion. The left hand will sense that the water in the middle bowl is warm. At the same time, the right hand will sense that the same water is cold. Why is that? Because when sensing is done by an organism, it is done in relative terms not in absolute terms. That is, one hand will sense that this water is warmer than the one from which it came. As to the other hand, it will sense that this same water is cooler than the one from which it came. Two signals, one being that the water is warm, and the other being that it is cold will go to the brain at the same moment and confuse it.

What this experiment says is that if we want to sense the state of something such as a body of water or anything else without using an instrument, we can do so only to compare the state of one body relative to the state of another body. That is, we can only determine if one body is warmer or cooler than another. What we cannot do with accuracy is determine the true or absolute value of either body. To do this, we need a thermometer that will measure the temperature as being 50 or 70 or 90 degrees, or what other value it may be.

The important idea to retain from this thought experiment is that where the hand comes from will make the difference as to what we sense. With this in mind, we should be able to see and accept that the same will apply in matters that deal with morality. It ought to be clear that in moral matters, the judgment that a person makes with regard to a happening will ultimately depend on where that person comes from.

For this reason, a current happening that is acceptable to one person may be objectionable to another because each will compare it to past happenings with which he or she is familiar – depending on where he or she came from. That is, each person will measure what they see now with the yardstick they came with, even if the yardsticks were constructed differently. And if the matter being measured or assessed concerns morality, which is almost always the case, then “moral relativism” will be seen as the concept that separates the position of one person from the position of another.

Whether or not we believe in the evolution of the species in the Darwinian sense, we all agree that being the organism that we are, we continually experience a sort of physical alteration because we see ourselves grow in size from a fertilized egg to a fetus, and from a newborn baby to an adult. We also see ourselves go through a series of moral alterations because we continually sense the need to learn new skills and adapt to a changing environment so as to stay alive.

And so, no matter what our position may be with regard to the evolution of the species, we all agree that a complex process of evolutionary changes affect us continually whether or not we provoke it. Those changes take the individual from a beginning that is no more than a sperm and an ovum to the end of one's natural life – which can be several decades away. And what this says ultimately is that everything which is natural about us is relative, and that nothing about it is absolute.

Yet, we can say with certainty that everyone of us sees one or more things as being so inviolable, we consider them to be absolute and not subject to alteration. Why is that? To answer the question, we need to look closely at who we are not only as an individual or a species but as a live organism. We must also accept the argument advanced by the narrative of Darwinian evolution which is that a species will not remain in existence for long if the individuals of whom it is made ignore a prime directive telling them to behave in ways that protect their own survival and that of the species. The reason here being that if the directive is violated, the species will ultimately perish, as many have throughout the ages, leaving behind only their fossilized remains.

Thus, it is the prime directive concerning survival which ultimately determines what we consider to be an absolute taboo that cannot be violated. And what this does to organisms – especially those of the higher species including humans – is that it motivates them to cobble up a “culture” based on rules that serve to maintain their survival and defend it when necessity. This happens when we have an encounter with the unknown, at which time the different experiences of the various individuals and cultures make up the different yardsticks by which assessments are made as to whether a situation is hot or cold; whether it is acceptable or objectionable.

So then, where do Israel and the “Jewish people” stand in the face of all this? Well, what we have here is the sad story of a crybaby in the elevator making matters worse for him and for all of humanity the more that he tries to put down the Palestinians he robbed, beat up, stole their possessions then asked the world to love him because he was chosen by God to rule over humanity.

When this is the kind of culture you are fed with your mother's milk, you grow up to be as sick as the Israeli ambassador. And there is nothing that will cure you; not even the concept of moral relativism.

You are doomed unless you change for good; change once and for all.