Saturday, March 4, 2017

The Uses of Money and their Consequences

Ralph Peters wrote an article that deals broadly with two subjects: defense and economics, both having money as common denominator. The title of the article is: “No 'Trump Doctrine' yet – and wisely so,” published on March 1, 2017 in the New York Post.

Before tackling the points that Peters is making, we need to highlight the distinction that exists between 'wealth' and 'money.' If we ignore the arbitrary values that were assigned to silver and gold, we can say that real wealth predominated the commercial transactions that were done before the advent of printed money (also referred to as fiat money).

That's because real wealth consisted of the goods and services that an individual produced, some of which he kept for his own consumption, and bartering the surplus against goods and services he needed but did not himself produce. The better that an individual became at what he was producing and the harder he worked; the wealthier he became and the higher was his standing in the society where he lived.

As to the jurisdictions – cities, states and nations – they could determine how much wealth was produced in the territory by the inventory of the goods that were produced, and the services that were rendered in a given time frame. But when the mechanized mass production of goods made it necessary to start transacting with banknotes (money), people began to think of money as wealth. Were they correct?

They were correct in one sense because they could “barter” the banknotes they held against the goods or services they needed. However, they were mistaken in another sense because they could no longer fashion their own standing in society by the quantity or quality of the work they did. This determination was transferred to the people who were in control of the presses that printed the money.

The one thing that existed in the era of pre-fiat money, and was retained in the post-fiat era, is that someone had to determine how much of what's produced should be allocated for consumption, and how much was saved to be reinvested. A wheat farmer in the pre-fiat era, for example, would save a quarter of the yearly production to use as seed for planting next year's crop. A shoemaker would set aside enough time to produce the leather products specifically requested by the toolmaker supplying him with the tools he used in the production of shoes.

As to the post-fiat era, the modern farmer may still operate the way that his ancestors did, but not the shoemaker or any industrialist, for that matter. What the modern people do is set aside enough money to do maintenance, expand the operation or modernize it … or they do something else. They borrow money to implement the plan they have in mind, and pay the money back with interest over a period of time.

In fact, borrowing has become a big business because the practice is used to do maintenance, to invest and to consume. The reality is that if everyone that needed a big ticket item had to save before he could buy it, business would slowdown to a crawl, and the economy would look differently from what we see today.

The principle of borrowing money for any reason, and pay it back later is never a cause for soul searching when done by the same person or the same enterprise. But when it comes to a nation, the purpose for which the money is borrowed can become a big issue because the sums are so large; the payments are made by the generations that follow. The worst case is that of a generation borrowing to consume, and letting future generations pay the debt.

This brings us to the Ralph Peters article. What follows is a montage of the passages that dwell on economics:

“The president repeated his determination to renew our military. All good … But it matters little if we're safe abroad if our fellow citizens must fear a walk to the corner store; don't know if their children will return or cannot educate the young to rise from poverty … Tax cuts, massive infrastructure spending, more social benefits and a higher defense budget would add to our national debt. A sound economy and sustainable debt are fundamental to national security. We have to learn to live within our means”.

What we have here is lamentation concerning a neglect that has reached a critical level. When the writer speaks of citizens who fear walking to the corner stone, and don't know if their children – who may or may not be educated – will return home, he says that America has been misallocating its resources for too long.

He avoided being specific, but President Donald Trump was not shy telling that America blew six trillion dollars killing people in the Middle East, and turning what used to be the Garden of Eden into a hell hole that shall remain a stain on America's conscience for centuries to come.

Resolving never again to get involved in this kind of adventure will free enough money to do the maintenance that's necessary to keep the society and the economy in good shape. There will also be enough to increase the consumption of those who now live with very little. And there will be enough to invest in the new initiatives that will shape the future.