Saturday, January 8, 2022

There were Slaves and there were House Guests

Dan McLaughlin wrote a long essay under the title: “American Slavery in the Global Context,” and the subtitle: “An ancient evil abolished.” It was published on January 6, 2022 in National Review Online.

 

The title and subtitle tell the readers what the essay is about. It is meant to be a comprehensive study of slavery in the world, and its imitations such as serfdom and other forms of servitude. The essay is a massive undertaking that required a great deal of research. But whereas parts of it were narrated and described in minute details, other parts were narrated in general terms, often negative ones. And this proved to be a shortcoming that hurt the historical record the writer was trying to establish.

 

Let’s consider this sentence from the article: “The term ‘slave’ evolved from ‘Slav,’ reflecting the massive slave trade out of Russia and other Slavic lands into the Ottoman Empire and southern Europe.” This being the case, the word “slave” cannot be used to describe what was happening before that era without a thorough explanation as to the similarities and/or differences that existed between the Slavic experience and what allegedly happened before that era.

 

Given that Dan McLaughlin has referred to Egypt on several occasions, it behooves us to take a close look at what the verifiable record says, and compare it to what the legends say, be they religious or folkloric legends. As far as the record goes, there is not a single painting or a sculpture done by the ancient Egyptians to suggest they had a system of slavery or as the Jews put it, “bondage.” In fact, there is nothing to suggest that the Jews were even in Egypt as an identifiable group.

 

What there is that passes as record, are stories that cannot be verified about Jews being kept in Egypt, not against their will, but against the will of their leader, the one named Moses who wanted to take them to some place else. Despite their bondage, goes the story, the Jews were able to loot the homes and temples of their treasures in the middle of the night, murder the first born of every family without waking anybody, and run into the desert. A few days into their journey, the Jews got fed up with life out of Egypt despite the manna that fell from the sky for them to feed on every day. And so, the Jews begged to return to the life of bondage they left behind in the land that they looted and where they committed horrible murders. This makes you wonder what kind of bondage that was.

 

If you believe in that story, might as well believe that slavery or bondage or whatever you want to call it, existed in ancient Egypt. And there is nothing that can be said or done to make you believe otherwise. But if you believe that this is a quilt (or mosaic) of folkloric stories spliced together to form the basis of a religious doctrine, you will have to believe in the accepted record, which shows that there was no slavery or bondage of any kind in ancient Egypt.

 

If now, you assume that a group of Jewish travelers visited Egypt, gathered tidbits of information about the country, and used them to make their stories sound real, then the description of what they saw would point to an era in the history of Egypt that was well past the time when massive construction, such as the pyramids, requiring hard physical labor, had cease to happen 1,300 years prior. In fact, the era that the Jews might have been describing was known as the Amarna period, a time when King Akhenaten worried about the growing power of the clergy, and proclaimed there was only one God, the Sun God Ra. That moment in history also marked the rising power of Egypt to its cusp and the beginning of its slow decline. The country was eventually conquered by other rising powers.

 

In fact for the next 2,500 years, Egypt was ruled by foreigners. It was not until the revolution of 1952 that Egypt was again ruled by an Egyptian. It was President Mohammed Naguib who was quickly followed by Gamal Abdel Nasser … and the rest is history. Thus, we must be conscious of the reality that what was happening in Egypt during those two and half millenniums, were not choices made by Egyptians.

 

Let’s now look at another passage in Dan McLaughlin’s article. It reads as follows:

 

“Slaves in other systems served quite different purposes: Women were purchased as concubines or brides, and male slaves served as eunuchs, soldiers, even generals and ministers of state. The medieval Mamluk sultans of Egypt were a class of slave rulers; ‘mamluk’ is Arabic for an enslaved person. Until they developed plantation systems in the 19th century, most Islamic societies used slaves in service, not production”.

 

Did you spot the oxymoron in that passage? If you haven’t, then try to define the expression: “a class of slave rulers.” How can slaves rule over subjects who are supposed to be their masters? This is such a messy incongruity, it calls for a radical explanation and an honest explanation. Well, here is the full explanation, my friend:

 

Have you ever heard of Paula Abdul? What’s that “abdul” in her name? It is an Arabic word that is also used as a proper name. It is derived from the word “Abeed” which is usually translated as slave. And there lies the problem, because the name Abdallah would have to translate as “slave of God.” But God does not take slaves. He has servants. All of us are his servants even if we’re not named Abdallah, Abdulrahim (servant of the clement,) Abdelfattah (servant of the conqueror,) or any of the 40 attributes by which God is referred to. 

 

Knowing all this, the quote cited above yields a completely different meaning. It says that men died in wars leaving behind women who will never marry or form a family unless they are adopted by the winners. In fact, the women looked forward to being adopted and serve as one of the four wives allowed in Islam, or serve as concubine. As to the men who fought on the losing side but survived, they were taken into the households of the winners to be servants, or were enrolled to serve the state, working as soldiers or generals or ministers of state.

 

And that house guest and partner, is a far cry from the way that the Europeans treated the property they called slave.